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Science & Medicine Drug: Warfarin |
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Brands Coumadin®, Jantoven®, Lawarin®, Marevan®, WarfarinPlus®, WarfarinQ® Common Usages Commonly used oral anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism in patents with deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, or prosthetic heart valve. Adverse Drug Reactions Hemorrhage (bleeding) due to overdoes. Hemoptysis (cough up blood), excessive bruising, bleeding from nose or gums, or blood in urine or stool. Stroke may occur when under-dosed. Scientific Studies & Publications Regulatory Agencies’ Announcements 2007/08/16- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "FDA approved updated labeling to include pharmacogenomics information to the CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, PRECAUTIONS, and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections of the prescribing information for the widely used blood-thinning drug, Coumadin. This new information explains that people's genetic makeup may influence how they respond to the drug. Specifically, people with variations in two genes may need lower warfarin doses than people without these genetic variations. The two genes are called CYP2C9 and VKORC1. The CYP2C9 gene is involved in the breakdown (metabolism) of warfarin and the VKORC1 gene helps regulate the ability of warfarin to prevent blood from clotting..." < more > Additional Information on Medical Applications & Adverse Drug Reactions |
Drug: Allopurinol
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Brands Zyloprim®, Allohexal®, Allosig®, Progout®, Zyloric® Common Usages Commonly used to treat hyperuricemia and its complications, including gout. It is used to reduce uric acid levels in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy, and also used to treat certain type of kidney stones. Adverse Drug Reactions Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are two of the most serious and life-threatening ADR with a 10 - 50% mortality rate. Scientific Studies & Publications Regulatory Agencies’ Announcements 2009/09/01- Department of Health, Taiwan (DOH) "...Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) has significant statistical correlation with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA-B*5801) gene...", "Before using allopurinol treatment, it is necessary to consider testing for possession of HLA-B*5801 genes." < more > Additional information on Medical Applications & Adverse Drug Reactions |
Drug: Phenytoin
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Brands Dilantin®, Dilantin®Infatabs®, Dilantin-125®, Diphenylan®, Dilantin®Kapseals®, Phenytek® Common Usages Commonly used to prevent and control seizures. Anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. This drug may also be used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeats and painful nerve conditions (e.g. trigeminal neuralgia). Adverse Drug Reactions Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are two of the most serious and life-threatening ADR with a 10 - 50% mortality rate. Scientific Studies & Publications Regulatory Agencies’ Announcements 2008/11/24- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "FDA is investigating new preliminary data regarding a potential increased risk of serious skin reactions including Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) from phenytoin therapy in Asian patients positive for a particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, HLA-B*1502." < more > Additional information on Medical Applications & Adverse Drug Reactions |
Drug: Carbamazepine
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Brands Tegretol®, Tegretol® XR, Tegretol® CR, Carbatrol®, Epitol®, Carbama®, Carbamaze®, Equetro® Common Usages Commonly used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal neuralgia. Anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug and mood stabilizing drug. Its off-label use for a variety of indications, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, phantom limb syndrome, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Adverse Drug Reactions Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are two of the most serious and life-threatening ADR with a 10 - 50% mortality rate. Scientific Studies & Publications Regulatory Agencies’ Announcements 2007/12/12- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "Dangerous or even fatal skin reactions (Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis), that can be caused by carbamazepine therapy, are significantly more common in patients with a particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, HLA-B*1502." < more > 2007/09/26- Department of Health, Taiwan (DOH) "A Milestone Towards Personalized Medicine in Taiwan Preventing Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) with a Gene Test From post-ADR compensation to preemptive (pre-prescription prevention)." < more > Additional information on Medical Applications & Adverse Drug Reactions |
